بررسی تفاوت درآمد خانوارهای شهری و دهاتی بر اساس سطح تحصیلات و متغیرهای مرتبط در ولایت هرات طی سال ۱۴۰۳

Abstract

An Analysis of the Income Disparities between Urban and Rural Households in Herat Province in 2024, with Respect to Educational Attainment and Related Factors

Sarajuddin Ahmadi, Khair Mohammad Mohammadi

Abstract

This study examines the differences in income between urban and rural households based on educational attainment and related variables (occupation type, work experience, and age) in Herat Province during 1403 Hijri-Shamsi (2024-2025). The research aims to investigate whether statistically significant differences exist in income between urban and rural households across the aforementioned variables. An applied, descriptive-analytical methodology was employed. The statistical population consists of urban and rural households in Herat Province, with a sample of 100 households (53 urbans, 47 rural) selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire and analysed using SPSS version 25 through the Mann-Whitney U test and multiple linear regression. The findings indicate statistically significant differences in income between urban and rural households based on educational level (U=893, P=0.012) and occupation type (U=995.5, P=0.040); however, no significant differences were found based on work experience (P=0.308) or age (P=0.133). Based on these results, differences in employment structure and educational attainment between the two groups play an important role in creating income disparities. The regression results further indicated that place of residence was the strongest predictor of household income (Beta = 0.570, P < 0.001), with the overall model explaining 33.9% of the variance in income.

Keywords: Education; Work Experience; Urban Households; Rural Households; Income; Age; Occupation Type