تأثیر تاریخ کشت و ورایتی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم در ولسوالی بالابلوک ولایت فراه

Abstract

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important cereal in Afghanistan and worldwide, playing a key role in food security and the agricultural economy. Farmers in Farah province, particularly in Bala buluk district, face challenges such as climate change, low rainfall, and lack of awareness about suitable sowing dates and adapted varieties. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different sowing dates and wheat varieties on yield and yield components under the semi-arid conditions of Farah province. The experiment was conducted in the 2024–2025 cropping season using a factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Treatments included three sowing dates (25 Mezan with varieties Moqawem09 and Lalami15, 15 Aqrab with varieties Moqawem 09 and Lalam i15, and 5 Qaws with varieties Moqawem09 and Lalami15). Traits such as plant height, number of tillers per square meter, number of grains per spike, grain weight, thousand-grain weight, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield, and harvest index were evaluated, and data were analyzed using MS Excel 2016 and SAS software. Results indicated that sowing date, variety, and their interaction had a significant effect (P<0.005) on key traits, including plant height, number of grains per spike, thousand-grain weight, biological yield, grain yield, and harvest index. The mid-season sowing date (15 Aqrab) performed better than the other dates, and the Lalami 15 variety outperformed Moqawem 09 in terms of grain yield. The highest grain yield was obtained from the combination of 15 Aqrab sowing and Lalami15 variety, highlighting the importance of selecting an appropriate sowing date and adapted variety to improve wheat production under the semi-arid conditions of Farah.