مقایسه تکنالوژی¬های ذخیره و تولید انرژی برقی: باتریهای لیتیم- آیونی، باتریهای هستوی رادیوایزوتوپی پلوتونیم-۲۳۸ و باتریهای الماس هستوی NDB
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.67753/frsj.v3i2.213Keywords:
باتری لیتیم- آیونی؛ باتری هستوی؛ پلوتونیم-238؛ باتری الماسی؛ کاربن-14Abstract
Comparison of Electrical Energy Storage and Generation Technologies: Lithium-Ion Batteries, Plutonium-238 Radioisotope Nuclear Batteries, and NDB Nuclear Diamond Batteries
Najibullah Balooch1*, Haseebullah Ayazi 2, Muslim Halimi 3, Abdul Ghafar Mazlomyar4
Abstract
This study is a meta-analysis reviewing three different technologies for the generation and storage of electrical energy: lithium-ion batteries as the most common rechargeable electrochemical technology, 238Pu based radioisotope nuclear batteries used in long-term space missions, and a new generation of nuclear diamond batteries known as NDB, which utilize the isotope 14C encapsulated in synthetic diamond. By collecting and comparing quantitative data from scientific sources, technical reports of space organizations, and patent documents, the physical and chemical characteristics of these three technologies, including energy density, nominal voltage, half-life, energy conversion mechanism, and level of radiological safety, are comparatively presented. The findings indicate that each of these technologies excels in a different performance dimension: lithium batteries in instantaneous power density and recharging capability, plutonium batteries in medium-term power stability (decades) for space missions, and nuclear diamond batteries (NDB) in unprecedented service life (thousands of years) with very low power output. The study concludes that these three technologies are not competitors; rather, they are designed for entirely distinct application ranges.
Keywords:Lithium-ion battery; nuclear battery; Plutonium-238; diamond battery; Carbon-14
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