کاربرد تکنالوژیهای اُمیکی( جینومیک، ترانسکریپتومیک و متابولومیک) در بهبود جنتیکی و تولید ترکیبات دارویی نباتات طبی
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.67753/frsj.v3i2.208Keywords:
اصلاح نباتات طبی، ترانسکریپتومیک، تکنالوژیهای اُمیکی، جینومیک، متابولومیکAbstract
Application of Omics Technologies (Genomics, Transcriptomics, and Metabolomics) in the Genetic Improvement and Production of Medicinal Compounds in Medicinal Plants
Saboor Khairmohammadzad, Ab. Khalil Alafghani, Hasibullah Mommand, Janan Omari
Abstract
Medicinal plants are important sources of bioactive compounds used in the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries. The quantity and quality of these compounds are influenced by genetic background, gene expression, biosynthetic pathways, and environmental conditions. Despite advances in medicinal plant research, the relationships among genetic variation, gene expression patterns, and bioactive metabolite production remain incompletely understood in many species. This study examines the use of omics technologies to investigate genetic diversity, identify genes and biosynthetic pathways involved in medicinal compound production, select superior genotypes, and support medicinal plant breeding. It addresses the following research question: How can genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic technologies be used to identify genes associated with medicinal compounds, select superior genotypes, and improve medicinal plants through breeding? A qualitative approach was employed using documentary and library research methods and a review-based analytical design. Relevant scientific literature on omics technologies, bioactive compound biosynthesis, and medicinal plant breeding was reviewed and analyzed. The findings indicate that genomics can characterize genetic diversity and identify molecular markers and candidate genes; transcriptomics can reveal gene expression patterns; and metabolomics can identify and compare bioactive compounds. Integrating these technologies can facilitate the selection of genotypes with desirable concentrations and profiles of medicinal compounds, greater tolerance to environmental stresses, and enhanced value in breeding programs. The coordinated application of omics technologies, together with validation through chemical analyses, agronomic assessments, and field evaluations, can provide a stronger scientific foundation for medicinal plant research and improvement.
Keywords: medicinal plant breeding, transcriptomics, omics technologies, genomics, metabolomics
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